Diffraction Limit Calculator
Calculate the theoretical resolution limit of optical systems due to diffraction
About this calculator
The Diffraction Limit Calculator determines the theoretical resolution limit of optical systems based on fundamental physics principles. When light passes through an aperture, diffraction creates a natural limit to how small details can be resolved, regardless of lens quality. This calculator helps photographers, astronomers, microscope users, and optical engineers understand their equipment's maximum theoretical performance and make informed decisions about aperture settings, telescope sizes, or system specifications.
How to use
Enter your optical system's parameters including aperture diameter, wavelength of light, and focal length. The calculator will compute the angular resolution limit using the Rayleigh criterion and convert it to linear resolution at your specified distance. Results show both angular resolution in arcseconds and linear resolution in micrometers or millimeters.
Frequently asked questions
What is the diffraction limit in optics?
The diffraction limit is the fundamental physical boundary that determines the smallest detail an optical system can theoretically resolve, caused by light wave interference at apertures.
Why does aperture size affect resolution?
Larger apertures collect more light waves and reduce diffraction effects, allowing better resolution. Smaller apertures increase diffraction, limiting the ability to distinguish fine details.
How does wavelength affect the diffraction limit?
Shorter wavelengths (blue light) provide better theoretical resolution than longer wavelengths (red light) because diffraction effects are inversely proportional to wavelength.